Kurt Lewin
Phil Mirci, Bill Robinson, and Molly Large say:
Our feeling is that professional development and professional learning communities are a required component of change, as they help teachers to understand the need for a change, then feel safe in implementing a change, and confident that the changes they are implementing are the best fit for their kids.
Ken, Al and Pat concluded that Lewin outlined the following:
Two ways to effect change are 1) force change and hold accountable and 2) remove restraining forces or success with proposed change.
Ways to unfreeze:
1- disconfirmation ( understand and accept data)
2- learning anxieties (how difficult will the learning be and fundamental restraining force for individual involved)
3 - creation of psychological safety (balance between the anxieties produced by the discomforting data and acceptance of data.